Photoeffect on a Cu anode during electropolishing

Water diffusion coefficients during copper electropolishing

Cu electropolishing was studied using a rotating disc electrode in a variety of phosphoric acid-based electrolytes, including several with ethanol and other species added as diluents. Diluents allow a wider range of water concentrations and electrolyte viscosities to be accessed and also reduce the removal rate during Cu electropolishing, simplifying possible application to damascene processing...

Small-Scale Pattern Size Control during Metal Electropolishing

In our previous work, we have studied the pattern formation during the electropolishing of both isotropic and anisotropic materials. Both models predict stable hexagonal and striped patterns and are in qualitative agreement with experiments. In this paper, we study the smallscale pattern size control during electropolishing. Our study shows that applied voltage, surface diffusion and surface de...

In situ X-ray nanotomography of metal surfaces during electropolishing

A low voltage electropolishing of metal wires is attractive for nanotechnology because it provides centimeter long and micrometer thick probes with the tip radius of tens of nanometers. Using X-ray nanotomography we studied morphological transformations of the surface of tungsten wires in a specially designed electrochemical cell where the wire is vertically submersed into the KOH electrolyte. ...

The Photoeffect on Graphene and Axion Detection by Graphene

Anode Slime Gained During Electrolysis Process of Secondary Copper Anodes

The aim of this research is to get a better understanding of the electrolytic refining process in order to yield the anode slime. Three types of secondary copper anodes are electro refined in an electrolytic system, where the electrolyte is an acid of copper sulphate solution. As a result of the electro-refining process the anode slime has been gained as secondary product. The experimental ...